KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEPUASAN KERJA PERAWAT: LITERATURE REVIEW

Hadi Suweko, Luky Dwiantoro

Abstract


 

Abstrak

Latar belakang: Kepuasaan kerja merupakan suatu keadaan emosional seseorang yang positif atau menyenangkan dari nilai atau pengalaman orang tersebut, hal ini menunjukan bahwa karyawan membentuk sikap terhadap pekerjaan dengan memperhatikan perasaan, kepercayaan dan perilaku mereka sendiri. Kepuasan kerja perawat dibeberapa negara masih rendah, seperti di Cina 54 % dan Shanghai 60,8%, Indonesia 92,96%. Dari fenomena yang ada, menunjukkan kepuasan kerja perawat masih rendah. Kepemimpinan transformasional diharapkan mampu meningkatkan kepuasan kerja perawat. Tujuan: Untuk mengidentifikasi perilaku transformasional pemimpin dalam meningkatkan kepuasan kerja perawat. Metode: Artikel ini menggunakan design literatur review yakni peneliti mengulas, merangkum, dan menuliskan pemikiran beberapa pustaka seperti artikel, buku dan undang-undang. Penelusuran artikel melalui PubMed, Scincedirect dan Google Schoolar. Hasil: Pada literatur review ini menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan transformasional berpengaruh positif terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat, juga berkontribusi pada peningkatan kualitas pelayanan, melalui kepemimpinan kharismatik, inspiratif, menstimulasi intelektual dan pertimbangan yang diindividualkan. Kepemimpinan karismatik yakni perawat manajer mampu menyampaikan visinya dengan jelas untuk meningkatkan mutu pelayanan keperawatan. Kepemimpinan inspiratif yakni pemimpin mampu menyampaikan harapan tinggi berkaitan mutu pelayanan dan menginspirasi perawat lain. Kepemimpinan yang memiliki rangsangan intelektual yakni mampu memotivasi, meningkatkan kemampuan terus menerus, mampu menjadi pelatih bagi stafnya. Pemimpin memiliki pertimbangan yang diindividualkan yakni seperti memberi reward sesuai prestasi individu perawat. Kesimpulan: Perilaku transformasional pemimpin dapat  meningkatkan kepuasan kerja perawat.

 

Kata Kunci: Kepemimpinan Transformasional, Kepuasan kerja, Perawat.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Abstract

Background: Satisfaction work is a state of emotional someone whose positive or pleasant of values or experiences of people, regard this shows that employees form the attitude towards work to pay attention to the feelings , beliefs and behaviors of their own. Nurse work satisfaction in some countries is still low, such as in China 54% and Shanghai 60, 8 %, Indonesia 92.96% . Of fenomena were there, showed job satisfaction of nurses is still low. Leadership Transformational expected to improve job satisfaction of nurses. Aim: To identification behavior of transformational leaders in improving job satisfaction of nurses. Method: Article The use design literature reviews on the researcher to review, summarize, and write down thoughts some libraries such as articles, books and laws. Search artikel through PubMed, Scincedirect and Google Schoolar. Results: In the literature review to show right that the leadership of transformational influence positively to the job satisfaction of nurses, also contribute to the improvement of quality of service, through leadership charismatic, inspiratif, stimulate intellectual and considerations are individualized. Leadership charismatic, nurse manager is able to convey his vision with clearly to improve the quality of care nursing. Inspirational leadership, that is, leaders are able to convey high expectations regarding service quality and inspire other nurses. Leadership that has intellectual stimulation that is able to motivate, improve the ability continuously, able to become a trainer for its staff. Leaders have considered that individualized the like to give a reward in accordance accomplishments of individual nurses. Conclusion: Leader's transformational behavior can increase nurse job satisfaction.

 

Keywords: Transformational Leadership, Job Satisfaction, Nurse.


Full Text:

PDF

References


DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Aziri, Brikend. Job Satisfaction. (2011). A Literature Review. Management Research and Practice, 3(4), pp: 77-86.

Purnomo, H. Cholil. (2010). Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Berdasarkan Motivasi Kerja Pada Karyawan Administratif di Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta. Jurnal Manajemen Sumberdaya Manusia, 4(1), h: 27-35.

Thoyib, dkk. (2012). Pengaruh Person-Organization Fit (P-O Fit), Motivasi Kerja, dan Kepuasan Kerja terhadap Komitmen Pegawai. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 10(2), h: 229-238.

Bushra, dkk. (2011). Effect of Transformational Leadership on Employees’ Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment in Banking Sector of Lahore (Pakistan). International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(18), pp: 261-267.

Robins, Stepent P. dan Timoty A. Judge. (2008). Perilaku Organisasi. Jakarta:Salemba Empat.

Hughes, R.L., Ginnett, R.C., and Curphy, G.J. (2012).Leadership.

Liu K, You, L.M., Chen, S.X., Hao, Y.T., Zhu X.W., Zhang L.F., & Aiken L.H. (2012). The relationship netween hospital work environment and nurse outcomes in Guangdong, China: a nurse questionnare survey. NIH Public Access. J Clin Nurs. pp.1-17.

Sutarni, Nani.(2008). Hubungan Beban Kerja dengan Kepuasan Kerja Perawat Pelaksana di Instalasi Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Kanker Dharmais Jakarta.

Barahama, F. K., (2019). Hubungan beban kerja dengan kepuasan kerja perawat diruang perawatan dewasa RSU GMIM Pancaran Kasih Manado.

Noras, J. U., & Sartika, R. A. D. (2012). Perbandingan tingkat kepuasan kerja perawat dan kepuasan pasien. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional, 6 (5).

Yanidrawati, K., Susilaningsih, S., & Somantri, I. (2012). Hubungan kepuasan kerja dengan kinerja perawat di ruang rawat inap rumah sakit umum daerah kabupaten bekasi. Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Padjajaran.

Wang, Y., Dong, W., Mauk, K., Li, P., & Chen, Chun. (2015). Nurses’ practice environtment and their job satisfaction: A study on nurses caring for alder adults in shanghai. Plos One 10(6), pp. 1-13.

David, Fred R. Strategic Management. Buku 1. Edisi 12 Jakarta. 2011

Voon M.L et al. (2011). The influence of leadership styles on employees' job satisfaction in public sector organization in Malaysia. International Journal of Business, Management and Social Sciences. Vol.2, No.1, pp. 24-32.

Morsiani, G., Bagnasco, A., & Sasso, L. (2016). How staff nurses perceive the impact of nurses manager’ leadership style in terms of job satisfaction: a mixed method study. Journal of Nursing Management. Genoa, Italy. pp. 1-10.

Milkhatun. (2016). Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Kepemimpinan Transformasional Kepala Ruang di RSI Sultan Agung Semarang. Tesis. Program Studi Magister Keperawatan Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang.

Negussie, N. & Demissie, A.(2013). Relationship between leadership style of nurses managers and nurses’ job satisfaction in Jimma University Specilialized Hospital. Ethiopia J Health Sci. Vol. 1, No. 23. pp. 49-58.

Arifiani, dkk. (2016). Pengaruh kepemimpinan traansformasional terhadap organization citizenship behavior dan kepuasan kerja ( studi pada tenaga perawat RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang ).

Prabowo, Adhityo., Djastuti, Indi.(2014). Analisis Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional dan Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) dengan Komitmen Organisasi Sebagai Variabel Intervening ( Studi Pada Perawat RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang). Undergraduate thesis, Fakultas Ekonomika dan Bisnis Universitas Diponegoro Semarang.

Ismail, et al. (2011). An Empirical Study of the Relationship between Transformational Leadership, Empowerment and Organizational Commitment. Business and Economics Research Journal.

Riaz, T., Akram M.U., & Ijaz H. (2011). Impact of Transformational Leadership Style on Affective Employees’ Commitment: an Empirical Study of Banking Sector in Islamabad (Pakistan). The Journal of Commerce. Vol. 3, No.1, pp.43-51.

Warrick, D.D. (2011). The Urgent Need for Skilled Transformational Leaders: Integrating Transformational Leadership and Organization Development. Journal of Leadership, Accountability & Ethics. Vol. 8 (5), pp 11-26.

Thamrin, H. M. (2012). The Influence of Transformational Leadership and Organizational Commitment on Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance. International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology. Vol. 3, No. 5, pp 566-572.

Maulizar., Musnadi, S., & Yunus.(2012). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transaksional Dan Transformasional Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Bank Syariah Mandiri Cabang Banda. Jurnal Manajemen Pascasarjana Universitas Syiah Kuala. Vol.1, No. 1.pp. 58-65.

Anwar, et.al. (2012). Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment Among Leadership Styles and Employee Outcomes. An Empirical Evidence from Telecom Sector of Pakistan. International Journal of Research in Economics & Social Sciences.

Jandaghi, G., Matin, H.Z., & Farjami, A. (2009). Comparing Transformational Leadership in Successful and Unsuccessful Companies. The Journal of International Social Research. pp: 357-372.

Purwanti, N. (2017). Pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan transformasional, iklim organisasi dan stres kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Daerah Surakarta.

Rivai, Veithzal., Dedy, Mulyadi. (2009). Kepemimpinan dan Perilaku Organisasi edisi ketiga. Jakarta:Rajagrafindo Persada

Luthans, F. 2006. Perilaku Organisasi, Edisi Sepuluh, Yogyakarta: Penerbit Andi.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.26751/jikk.v11i1.775

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Universitas Muhammadiyah Kudus - LPPM Universitas Muhammadiyah Kudus
Jl. Ganesha 1 Purwosari Kudus 59316
Tel/ Fax +62-291-437218   Email : [email protected]

Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan dan Kebidanan Indexed by:

                        

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.